Novum Organon Renovatum - Being The Second Part Of The Philosophy Of The Inductive Sciences
By William Whewell
Published by John W. Parker & Son: London 1858
"
William Whewell (1794 - 1866) was one of the most important and influential figures in nineteenth-century Britain. Whewell, a polymath, wrote extensively on numerous subjects, including mechanics, mineralogy, geology, astronomy, political economy, theology, educational reform, international law, and architecture, as well as the works that remain the most well-known today in philosophy of science, history of science, and moral philosophy. He was one of the founding members and a president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, a fellow of the Royal Society, president of the Geological Society, and longtime Master of Trinity College, Cambridge.
In his own time his influence was acknowledged by the major scientists of the day, such as John Herschel, Charles Darwin, Charles Lyell and Michael Faraday, who frequently turned to Whewell for philosophical and scientific advice, and, interestingly, for terminological assistance. Whewell invented the terms "anode," "cathode," and "ion" for Faraday.
In response to a challenge by the poet S.T. Coleridge in 1833, Whewell invented the English word "scientist;" before this time the only terms in use in that language were "natural philosopher" and "man of science". Whewell was greatly influenced by his association with three of his fellow students at Cambridge: Charles Babbage, John Herschel, and Richard Jones. Over the winter of 1812 and spring of 1813, the four met for what they called "Philosophical Breakfasts" at which they discussed induction and scientific method. For the next 50 years these friends remained in contact, developing their view of inductive reasoning and applying it in diverse realms."
